Survival after either resection or liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is related intimately to tumour recurrence. To reduce that risk, patients are selected for liver transplantation currently on the basis of tumour size and number, which are both crude, indirect measures of tumour biology.Despite careful radiological assessment, often based on multiple modalities and further review whilst on the waiting list, recurrence rates remain at 10–20%, even in the best centres......

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